These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. The elite and entrepreneurial western Europeans who settled in the Americas sought laborers to cultivate cash crops, mine for precious metals, tend livestock, provide . Labor given annually to the state (or political and religious elites) for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, temples . issued by Alexander II. The worldwide transformation into a trade-based economy using gold and silver is known as the, -As a result of increased trade and mining, prices also increased across the board. Learn. 1 / 25. Mita under the Spanish: Under the Spanish, Mita became a system of exploitation. There's a big difference between the rich and poor. Commercial capitalism, the trading system of the early modern economy. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire. Test. role/pur. Key Concepts: 4.3.II.C. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? The Spanish. The theory developed in early modern England and spread elsewhere that royal power should be subject to legal and legislative checks. Led the conquest of Siberia in 16th & 17th centuries. Towns were replenished following the Bubonic Plague as Europeans got into mercantilism. Relative to the total population. In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. began, It remained in use until 1917 after first 1450-1750. During this time, Muslim merchants established themselves further in North Africa and the Indian Ocean, which is why Islam is a dominant religion in those regions. 2. Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. Find the average cost of hiring an exempt, regular employee. Based on past poor performance, I want to sell all my remaining international equity securities once their market prices rise to equal their original cost. In exchange, must protect them and convert them. The Atlantic System c. The Middle Passage d. The Sea Road AP WORLD HISTORY ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET UNIT 4 (1450-1750) Europeans were primarily motivated by money, religion, rivalry, and conquest. Write AAA over the verb if the verb is in the active voice and PPP if it is in the passive voice. A contract 2 individuals sign in which one Match. Cultural and Intellectual Developments. or when did it People will always find a way to challenge state power, especially when survival is at stake. The primary goal of European expansion and colonization was to acquire land and resources to produce exports to sell for profit on the growing trans-Atlantic market. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. Sea-based empires usually had a strong navy and controlled oceanic trade. In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, things were different. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? profits of their land. Maybe. William and Mary accepted joint powers with parliament and signed the English Bill of Rights. the Americas largely depended on agriculture and utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mit'a. Test. development by the Europeans, this system is Not "intended" to be slave system, but essentially was. How was the development of Maritime Empires influenced by ethnic divisions and racist institutions? They introduced large-scale cash-crop agriculture, which had not previously existed in the Americas. They also introduced new labor systems It was based on the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. What is the Protestant Reformation? The second employee receives the merchandise. After their terms of service ended, most indentured servants stayed in the Americas. They gave lower class white workers. Safavid Empire, Ottoman Empire, Japan, Russia, and the Mughal Empire. the ratification of the 13th Amendment, Chattel While these colonies initially grew on Native American labor . Her boss recently asked her to put password protection on all office computers. More from Heimler's History:AP World History ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET: https://www.ultimatereviewpacket.com/courses/world-historyAP Essay CRAM Course: https://. Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. Following Union victory in May 1685, along with The expansion of trade on a global scale expanded both the upper elite class and the lower labor class. Mita was like paying your taxes with work instead of money. There were slaves, the mit'a, and encomienda. The Spanish conquest of the New World and establishment of profitable colonies led to a restructuring of the social order. Labor Systems: c. 1450 - c. 1750. Europeans created various systems of forced labor and slavery within their colonial economies. Plantation agriculture and mining operations require a lot of workers. Syncretisms happen everywhere, but in the Americas there are quite a few examples. Demonstrated tolerance to Hindus and Rajputs and developed strong military and empire. In order to prevent white and black oppressed groups from conspiring, the Virginia government wielded racist policies to drive a wedge. What were the challenges to state power and expansion? The middle class grew. AbdielMendez. This was the labor system imposed upon the It caused the social structure to change as well as more and more people lost faith in the Church. 4. So states began to practice mercantilist policies, which limited imports and maximized exports. The Scientific Revolution, The Protestant Reformation, The Enlightenment all changed Europe. Modual 1 Discussion 1 How does this article give you a better understanding of the changing perception of Irish immigrants in America? Within just a few decades, European exploration for new trade routes to Asia turned into conquest and empire-building. In 1655, the British took control of the land forcing the Spanish out. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. . Serfdom had become the great moral and political issue for the government by the 1840's, but is still might have lasted many more years if it wasn't for the Crimean War (1853-1856). there It was ruled by Charles V but consisted mostly of German peoples and was continually being pulled apart until the 30 Years War brought much of it to an end, Deborah Gray White, Edward L. Ayers, Jess F. de la Teja, Robert D. Schulzinger, World History and Geography: Modern Times. When was this Americans on that land, but could demand free labor from them in exchange. Changes in Trade. The conquistadors claimed and discovered lands in the names of their empires (mostly for Spain) Portuguese were preoccupied with interests in Africa and Asia (trading post empires) Viceroys appointed to administer Brazil. What happened to the Silk Road in Ming and Qin Dynasties? after they realized they were being exploited. 52 terms. Ottoman society was complex. The Portuguese set up the first plantation in the Americas in Brazil. _____. Size. William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. Most of the native literature, art, and languages were completely destroyed, which left very few primary sources from before 1450. European women had more freedom while Muslim women were held housebound, but could participate in business and court. How did Ottoman expansion change the empire's social structure? Created by. Disease wiped out most of the population and many that were left were able to escape because of superior knowledge of the land. 3. After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. appearing in 1620, Labor Systems Graphic Organizer 1450-1750, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, This was the labor system imposed upon the, development by the Europeans, this system is, process of building European colonies in the, to slavery except for the slaves (more or less, peasants of Russia) were sold with the land, (peasants) to eventually buy land and gain, rights just as a free citizen would have such, Following Union victory in May 1685, along with, with the Emancipation Manifesto (March 3rd, [February 19th, Old Style], 1861) which was, This was designed to keep people that were, in debt to continue working on a piece of, these people became overtly rich with the, Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! The rivalry eventually popped off as the. Essential Question: In what ways did expansion of trade networks create change in both economic and labor systems around the globe from 1450 to 1750? This labor was short-term and only performed when men were not working on their family farms. Slaves Mita Encomienda. revolts AverageHiringCost,PerHire,ByCategory. Read through the entire project before you begin doing any work. Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. Most kidnapped slaves were men, which left a gender imbalance in favor of women, especially in Ghana and Benin. They connected the economy of the Americas with the economies of Afro-Eurasia through new trade routes across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. (1450-1750 CE) Mit'a Labor System. Rise of a global trade network. They also expanded the mining of precious metals in the Americas by turning it into a for-profit business to enrich Europeans. The Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch had to find another route in order to remain competitive, so they invested in exploration. The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. As her assistant, you are to answer the questions that follow so the results may be included in a final report. The Labor System was ran by 12the Columbus was an all around terrible human being that committed mass genocide, but he gets the namesake of this era because his voyage kicked off a new global trading system. Serfdom was still the basic social institution. The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. The barter economy (exchanging goods or services for other goods or services) changed to a money economy (goods and services paid for with currency). Both allowed social elites to control nearly all the economic resources and labor of individuals who lived on their lands or assigned regions. The Maya and Aztecs each dominated a region of Mesoamerica between 250 CE and 1550 CE. This is why the ancient civilizations are so fascinating because they all developed similar structures without knowing about each other. Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. . As Spanish slave owners fled, many slaves escaped and formed settlements called, The revolt in Virginia failed and had serious consequences. I do not want them in my retirement account, which has to protect me from poverty in my old age. as the workers began to defend their rights answer choices. Labor/Economic System. first evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. second evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. Sailed for Spain and tried to complete Columbus' westward route. The following graph illustrates the combination of capital and labor (point A) that minimizes the firms cost of producing 5,000 pairs of shoes. Like in the Eastern Atlantic, they focused on sugar cane production. The Maya thrived in the rainforest of the Yucatan peninsula. Lessons. The technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucous taken from those already infected. Traditional labor systems were expanded because of the goods that were exchanged in the Columbian Exchange. In Qing dynasty China, the Canton system had similar goals and limited most European merchant activity to the Southern Chinese port of Canton. Their white skin gave them privileged positions over native and African peoples. (T/F). Because the international portion of his portfolio has performed poorly in the past, he has reduced his international equity exposure to 2 %. inventory. Defeated Russians, Slavs, Germans, Poles sent to Istanbul. labor system ShoeCrafter,Inc.\textbf{Shoe Crafter, Inc.} By this contract, a four-year-old girl became a servant in Quebec in 1703. 5. The Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan only allowed the Dutch to trade in Japan through one port. Safavid Empire was falling apart and the Ottoman Empire declined due to economic factors. The owner of Super Pharmacy uses a check software/printer to prepare checks, making it difficult for anyone to alter the amount of a check. Ultimately, the exchange of new food staples increased the population of Africa, but in parts of West Africa, the population suffered as people were taken. Evidence of the continued influence of Asian traders included the following: Asian states could limit the access of European merchants to their economies. Cash crop agriculture and ranching were common on haciendas, but other activities like mining also took place. They established a. France and England were not as financially stable. the act of freeing slaves, done at the will of the owner. The population was increasing and this led to more demand for resources. Before 1492, the Americas were isolated from Africa, Europe, and Asia. English - partially racism of Africans. Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants. Similarly, labor needs in one area can be filled by migration or . Peter the Great built up Russian military by using peasants to serve. On the backs of millions of slaves, sugar eventually outpaced silver as the most profitable good at the time. The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. AP World Labor systems 1450-1750 w. Flashcards. One employee places purchase orders and pays vendors. The economic system of large financial institutions-banks, stock exchanges, investment companies-that first developed in early modern Europe. Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. Labor systems. As of that date, Abernethy has the following trial balance: During 2020, Abernethy reported net income of $80,000 while declaring and paying dividends of$10,000. Slave Systems and Slave Trade. 1 / 25. The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. Abolishment of the slave trade and use of slaves in the 19th century led to a need for new cheap sources of labor and hence changes in migration. Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mita, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. The owners of these lands turned them into large estates called haciendas for economic production. Mining gold and silver was a primary motive for early Spanish explorations in Mexico and South America. Flashcards. Back in England, things were getting complicated. The English. The examination system has, from the Tang dynasty onward, created a strong centralized and fully functional civil service in place of an aristocratic elite with a territorial base of power. This music would later influence many genres including gospel, blues, jazz, rock n roll, hip hop, reggae, and samba. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. Between 1200 and 1450, many of the modern states today were formed as powerful kingdoms replaced localism. . Sold as goods. European conquest resulted in new economic systems and production methods in the Americas that produced products for commercial exchange through regional and international trade. New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Became emblematic of the loyalty, sacrifice, persistence, and honor that all good people should preserve in Japan, powerful daimyo of Edo (modern-day Tokyo), named himself shogun in 1603, initiating the most powerful and long-lasting of all Japanese shogunates. What were some reasons why Europe changed socially, and intellectually? Unit 1: Global Tapestry. The system became so oppressive the Spanish officially abolished the system in 1720. While the West African people were defending themselves from foreign attacks (external challenges), the Russians were dealing with internal challenges. Haciendas: The Spanish often took direct control of the most productive lands from the natives and gave them to Spanish elites and noblemen. The lease agreement for the $4 million (fair value and present value of the lease payments) machine specified four equal payments at the end of each year. The buying and selling of slaves to transport across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. with the Emancipation Manifesto (March 3rd The became the target of the labor draft in Mexico known as the repartimiento which supplied labor to commercial farms, mines, and select private . Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750. Swift Ellis, Inc., manufactures running shoes. . As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. Between 1450 and 1750, the Americas began to mark their place in the world, proving they were just as relevant as Europe, Africa, or Asia. Example Question #6 : Labor Systems And Economic Systems 1450 To 1750 The Encomienda System was often vehemently opposed by __________ in the Spanish Empire. This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. Economic systems were disrupted as trade intensified. Profitable production demanded significant labor resources. Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. slaves were sold like trade goods. THESIS for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first European known to have done so. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. World War II. conquered, the Mita system was A surge in agricultural productivity resulted from new methods in crop and field rotation and the introduction of new crops. Largely a kingdom of city-states that worked for mutual benefit, the Maya were able to build large temples, cities, and trade networks. Technological improvements in shipbuilding and gunpowder weapons allowed European empires to form and exercise a more . African peoples were It is considered one of the greatest periods of peace and prosperity in Chinese history, and it is remembered for its cultural achievements and its strong and centralized government.