[M zmp0&BLp$UPd67Z9Ha{0gPY "nG~h%rls 'wdt;:^2i+>f9V%EQ)j2"^e\KP"TiNc-((V A&N+E}E;SnIP Bullet points. There are five important things to watch for in numbered and bulleted lists: inconsistent capitalization. Its visually cluttered, impeding easy scan. You have multiple options to capitalize and change the case of your titles, headlines, song titles, book titles, email subjects, and more. Also, please note that ads, brochures and legal contracts may require some deviation from these guidelines. 6. Our tool lets you convert the case of your text easily into sentence case. Lower is default; upper is special. Writing, phrasing, usage (word choice; clarity; subjunctive mood; ethnic-racial; profanity; slang ). Style Bullets Capitalize the first letter after a bullet. As with so many things in the English language, capitalization with colons can be complex, and many times, it's more of a style issue than one of correctness. A: Lowercase for post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, hepatitis C, etc. Take the sentence "She has decided: She won't have surgery to hide the scar.". If you want to, you can press Enter on your keyboard or click the Copy button next to the text box to copy the text to your clipboard. Q: For a subject/verb agreement, how should I treat "one or more features? The following example demonstrates this format as well as how to include a citation for the information in the bulleted list. Capitalize major words, e.g. 7. Now check your email to confirm your subscription for My Blog Editor blog alerts. How about Civil Rights Movement? If youre confused about what words to capitalize in a title or headline, we recommend using our title capitalization tool above, but if you want specific capitalization rules, they are as follows. Use a period after every bullet point that completes the introductory stem. Ordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.5, The animal shelters most generous donors were, 2. local businesses, including the hardware store, grocery store, and coffee shop; and. People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including: If you arent a strict follower of AP style, consider using the general guidelines explained in the sections above instead of those outlined in this alert box. EPA follows the AP rule after the dash or bullet: capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each section. To draw visual attention to items in a list without implying that items go in a certain order (e.g., chronology, importance, priority), use a bulleted list. The stylebook uses italics for examples only. The Associated Press Stylebook says when writing lists use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section, whether it is a full sentence or a phrase.. The capitalization rules are as follows: Wikipedia editors must follow certain capitalization rules for any posts to Wikipedia. If numbers arent essential, use bullets, especially in business documents. The individual list items following the complete sentence are usually lowercased if they arent complete sentences themselves. Let me frame my recommendations. 11.5.13 Updates made to University statistics, the list of research centers and section on Web addresses. Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. All contents 2023 Associated Press All rights reserved. I love traveling to Ireland because of its: I do not recommend this vertical lists punctuated as a sentence format with semicolons for business writing. The Copyeditors Handbook (Einsohn). If you have a list of full sentences or a list with a mix of full sentences and fragments we suggest capitalizing the first letter in each item. Ordered vertical lists have, you guessed it, an order. Q: Do you capitalize a conjunction in a headline? Symbols such as small circles, squares, dashes, and so forth may be used for the bullets. A: In AP headline style, only the first word and proper nouns are capped. Sentence case simply means you capitalize the first letter of a sentence, proper nouns, and nothing else as opposed to capitalizing almost every first letter in title case. If the elements are complex, uses commas for all. Here is a sampling of frequently asked questions, with examples of AP style used in answers. The CMS is commonly used in the publishing sphere, and AP style is more press-oriented . A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. Consider the examples below: Did you know that before the introduction of word processing (via word processors and computers), most publications displayed lists in either outline form or numbered lists. If a sentence contains more than three items or ideas, we recommend breaking them up into a bulleted list. Geography, addresses (state names, regions: Mideast; Northwest; northeast Minnesota; 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.; Fifth Avenue ). Lists, Part 4: Numbered Lists. Q: Why is atheist not capitalized while Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, etc., are? Government, including federal government and U.S. government. Theyre easy to read. For more specific title capitalization rules, you can see the following sections which cover each style of title capitalization rules or check out our FAQs for common capitalization questions. This is why capitalization of items that make up a list of bullet points is sometimes a matter of style. Use a period after bullet list that completes the opening stem sentence that introduces it. r%Q! Lowercase and spell out when not used with an individual name: The president issued a statement. Lowercase the second word after a hyphenated prefix (e.g., Mid-, Anti-, Super-, etc.) In AP style, headlines capitalize the first word, proper names, or proper abbreviations, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. A: corporate (adj.) If bulleted items are complete sentences, begin each item with a capital letter and finish it with a period or other appropriate punctuation. First, it is important to note that there are four main title capitalization styles: Chicago style, APA style, MLA style, and AP style. A: Lowercase the compass point - central Louisiana -- unless it's a widely known section, as in Southern California or South Florida. The phrase "she has decided" warns the reader that the next . Initial capitalization is preferred for list items that are complete sentences ( Example B) or stand-alone phrases (Examples C and D ). Dates, time, eras (July 4, 2008; 9 a.m.; the Great Depression ), Q: When referring to a time span, I never know when to use a dash to separate the two times (ex. It's hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each . A colon should be used to introduce the list, and the first letter of each point should be capitalised. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Each of these capitalization styles has slightly different rules for which words are capitalized and each of these styles can be written using title case capitalization or sentence case capitalization. The capitalization rules are as follows: NY Times style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the NY Times but is also used widely throughout journalism. AP follows two broad rules for capitalization: Common names are not capitalized unless part of a proper name (the river vs. the Thames River). However, Garner qualifies this: "If you begin each item with a lowercase letter, put a semicolon at the end of each item, use and after the next-to-last item, and put a period after the last item." In Not quite. is lowercase. A: AP style is email (changed from e-mail), but other e- words are hyphenated: e-commerce and e-book. If you have questions, read our. Use a lettered list if you want to emphasize separate parallel items within a sentence. Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase. This is clear, but AP doesnt fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. Quickly convert your title or text to sentence case by simply clicking the Sentence case button in the tool above. If the bulleted text is a whole sentence, uppercase the initial letter of the first word and use a period to conclude the paragraph (see "Lists, Part 5: Bulleted Lists" in the APA Style Blog . endstream endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[603 407.25 648 420.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[270.75 387.75 315.75 401.25]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[281.25 368.25 318.75 381.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>>]/Contents[34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R]/CropBox[0 0 792 612]/MediaBox[0 0 792 612]/Parent 26 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSets[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream Navigating the not-so-hidden treasures of the APA Style website. This means you must CHECK to find out the proper name!) A The listing below reflects a few departures from Associated Press (AP) style typically used in Johns Hopkins' web and print text, as well as other style points that, while they are not departures from AP style, require special attention. Asthma or some allergies. in compound modifiers (e.g., Mid-year, Anti-hero, etc.). This is a tricky one for me because, personally, I agree with you. Complete sentences introducing ordered lists are traditionally punctuated with a colon. Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or . AP style provides consistent guidelines for such publications in terms of grammar, spelling, punctuation and language usage. However, most people now leave out the extra punctuation. Title case is the most common form of title and headline capitalization and is found in all four major title capitalization styles. x]0)} N "d/J]g<3gcyY?9Y\}xLgH*vVQ8e[!}mg%O*~OqoEhe9k=~o^p{?~7?ZOu6ImR)Gow=\JrP When do Icapitalize the first letter in abulleteditem? Some style manuals, such as the AP Stylebook and APA Publication Manual, recommend capitalizing an independent clause after a colon. Finally, should you capitalize the first letter of each entry in a vertical list? Do you capitalize the first word of a bullet point? Again, these will depend on the specific style you choose (see Title Capitalization Rules by Style section). I recommend APs style guidance for end punctuation: All of these recommendations follow AP, but one clarification is needed. Lower is default; upper is special. Your email address will not be published. Q: Is the proper phrase "If money were no object" or "If money was no object"? Local Phone: (623) 399-6676 | Entries (RSS). Bulleted Lists: APA uses bulleted lists to avoid the perception of importance/priority connotated in numbered lists. Quick Links: How to Use Capitalize My Title, What to Capitalize in a Title (What Is Title Case, What Is Sentence Case), Title Capitalization Rules by Style (APA, Chicago, AP, MLA, BB, AMA, NY Times, Wikipedia). Sorry to pile on here, but your discussion of verb endings is inadequate. Prepositions that contain five letters or more. It makes it easier for your reader. 1:28 PM - 14 Jul 2021 37 Retweets 189 Likes Q: Veteran's Benefits, Veterans Benefits or Veterans' Benefits? Alternatively, you can use our tool to convert text from lowercase to uppercase by clicking the UPPER button.